Human genome project why is it happening

This is a very powerful technique. Such insights have included pinpointing cells involved in the development of cystic fibrosis, asthma and certain human tumours. The discoveries have opened up the prospect of developing therapies for these conditions.

The Human Genome Project is clearly having a big impact on medicine and research, but its progress was not without controversy during the course of its work, which began in At the time, a rival outfit to the Human Genome Project — known as Celera — had been set up with the maverick researcher Craig Venter as its head.

We wanted to make sure everyone could use the data and were putting every sequence we found into the public domain to block any attempt to privatise the genome. Congress Office of Technology Assessment recommend a concerted genome research program. In April , two published reports recommend creating an effort to sequence the human genome.

How fast? NIH and DOE sign a memorandum of understanding to "coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome. In October , NIH and DOE sign a memorandum of understanding to "coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome. Watson as the first director. On Oct. The center's first director is James D.

Watson, who co-discovered the double helical structure of DNA. At its January meeting, the Program Advisory Committee on the Human Genome establishes a working group to develop a plan for the ethical, legal, and social implications component of the human genome program. In January, , the working group issue its first report.

In it, the working group agrees that the ELSI program should anticipate and address the implications for individuals and society of mapping and sequencing the human genome. The Human Genome Project begins with an initial five-year plan.

The goals of the project include mapping the human genome and determining the sequence of all its 3. NIH allocates the first funds to research grants aimed at developing the scientific approaches, technologies, and resources needed to map and sequence the human genome. James D. Francis S. Prior to that, Francis Collins lead groundbreaking research identifying the genes responsible for cystic fibrosis, Huntingdon's disease, neurofibromatosis and other genetic disorders.

Francis Collins' Statement in Congress. The Human Genome Project revises its five-year goals. Some of the current and genome based research include:.

Except these, there are large numbers of other major genomic researches are going worldwide to achieve different goal. For example a very challenging research is going on to create a new Energy sources using microorganism called biofuels and to monitor environment to detect pollutants and to find a safe, efficient environmental remediation technique using microbes [8].

This is the knowledge of complete genomic sequence that today we know that all the proteins and several RNA which acts to perform various cellular functions are encoded in these genomic sequences [9].

All these research areas are directly linked to human life and aims to benefit human society. Today all these research works are only possible because of the successful completion of Human genome project and availability of whole genome sequence and the complete genome map. So we can say that, this project has lived up to the expectations of scientists and day by day still creating new research opportunity in the field of life-science.

A group of scientists believed that a potential breakthrough in the field of drug design was only possible after the successful completion of Human Genome Project. The HGP helped scientists to understand the Physiology of genetic diseases including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, etc. The availability of whole genome sequences and various advance computing tools to visualize, analyze the DNA sequencing database and to predict three-dimensional protein structure and function actually made a breakthrough and made structure-based drug design possible.

HGP also helped in identification of potential genetic changes, called mutation which creates the risk of any genetic disorder, and to develop strategies for specific drug targeting to eliminate these mutations [10]. The identification of new, clinically relevant, molecular targets is of most importance to the discovery of innovative drugs.

It has been estimated that up to 10 genes contribute to multifactorial diseases. Typically these disease causing genes are linked to other 5 to 10 gene products in physiological circuits which are also suitable for pharmaceutical intervention. So the genomics and bioinformatics studies of genomic sequences can help in identifying large number of potential disease targets.

After target identification the next step is to find the lead compound which can bind to the target and regulate their activity. In the area of structure based drug designing, three dimensional structures of compounds from virtual or physically existing libraries are docked into binding sites of target proteins with known or predicted structure.

The scoring functions evaluate the steric and electrostatic complementarity between compounds and the target.

The highest ranked compounds are then suggested for biological testing. This method effectively reduces the overall drug discovery time period. The availability of the genomic sequence also helps in determining the toxicological effect of certain compound on any individual. Small genetic difference makes few people more susceptible and others more resistant to certain agents.

The genomes of over 2, anonymous people from 26 populations will be sequenced using next-generation sequencing technologies. Any two humans are around The tiny percentage of genetic material that varies among people can help to explain individual differences in susceptibility to disease, response to drugs or reaction to environmental factors. Although 0. The Genomes Project aimed to produce an extremely detailed catalogue of human DNA variation to help scientists studying people with specific diseases.

The genomes of over 2, anonymous people from 26 populations around the world were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technologies. The final papers from the project were published in Nature in The results of the study are freely and publicly accessible to researchers worldwide. Studies like the Genomes Project and UK10K were the first studies to sequence and compare the genomes of large numbers of people.

Scientists expected the UK10K project to uncover many rare genetic variants that are important in human disease, giving a much deeper picture of genetics to help other studies, both in the UK and around the world. It is running in collaboration with clinical researchers from around the UK, using samples and data collected over many years.

UK10K aimed to analyse the genomes of 4, healthy people, studied since they were born in the early s, and compare them with the exomes of 6, people currently living with a disease of suspected genetic cause, such as severe obesity , schizophrenia or congenital heart disease. By doing this, UK10K aimed to identify the regions of the genes involved in these diseases.

Initial results published in identified genetic variants with links to health and disease, including cholesterol levels and bone health. The researchers believed that the results from this huge study would have an immediate impact on genetics, contributing to an on-going transformation of our understanding of human genetic variation.

Scientists hope that this will lead to advances in our understanding of disease biology, eventually leading to improved treatments. It was a project of such a huge size that no one thought it would be possible at that time, but with the support of key scientists and considerable funding, the Human Genome Project began…. Next-generation sequencing brought with it a fundamentally different approach to DNA sequencing, cutting the time and cost needed to sequence a genome.